Ko te kaha o te taraiwa tuanui ko te nuinga o te taumaha e taea ana e tētahi pouaka hurihia mā te pāpaku ka tū tonu. Ko te tikanga, ko te rōnaki o te taumaha e taea ana e te pouaka te eke atu anō rānei i te pihinga e herea ai. I te taha atu, ko te kaha o te taraiwa rerehua he painga ki te taumaha e taea ana e te pouaka ina nekeneke ana, ā, he nui ngā pānga ki tana pūmahara me tana kaha mai i ngā kaha e whakaputangia ana i te wā e nekeneke ana. Hei tauira, ki te ahumoni kai, ko ngā taraiwa tuanui pea kei te whakaputu i ngā tinana kai, i te wā e taraiwa rerehua ana ina nekeneke ngā pouaka ki ngā whare pū. Ki te rongoā, ko te kaha taraiwa tuanui pea kei te whakaputu i ngā huinga rongoā, ā, ko ngā taraiwa rerehua pea ka pakaru mai i te wā o te tuku. Kātā noa ka whakamahia ngā tikanga whakamātautau papai pērā i ASTM D4169 hei whakatau i ngā kaha taraiwa ki ngā hua pāpaku, ka tūtohu ai i ngā tātai haumaru e hiahiatia ana.
Ko te tautohu i ngā here o te taumaha o ngā mahi e here ana i te whai mōhio ki ngā āhuatanga rereke, tae atu ki ngā rerekētanga o ngā wā o te tau me ngā wā pikinga, ka taea pea e ngā kōpae hurihuri hiriwai te pa ki te utu. Kei konei te toronga mōhio hei whakatau i te momo utu tika:
I te nuinga o te wā, he nui ngā kaiwhakarato paereti pāpaku e āwhina ana i te āhua o ngā rautaki ā-tālana. Ka taea e ēnei tohunga te whakarato mōhio e pā ana ki te tīpako i te momo pouaka pāpaku tika e tika ana mō ngā here here o ngā mahi. Kua whakaaturia e ngā tauākī ko ngā pakihi e mahi tahi ana me ngā kaiwhakarato pērā i ngā kaiwhakarato paereti pāpaku kua angitu ki te whakapai ake i ngā here o te uta, arā anō hoki te whakapai ake i te mahi me te whakaiti i ngā utu. Hei tauira, i whakapai ake i ana mahi tētahi kamupene rongoā mā te whakarerekē i ngā kaha uta o ana pouaka hurihuri, ka hua ai te rerehua o ngā mahi pātaka hoki i ngā wā tōaitanga.
Ina kōwhiringia ngā tāpapa mō ngā pouaka hurihanga pāpaku, ko te Whakawhitinga Polyethylene (HDPE) me te Polypropylene (PP) kua whakataurangahia i runga i ā rātou anō āhuatanga. Ko te HDPE e mōhiotia ana mō tana whakapae pai ki ngā tikorangi me tana whiti pakari, nō reira ko te kōwhiringa tino pai ki ngā umanga e hiahiatia ana ngā here here. Hei tauira, ko tana kaha here e iti ake ana i ngā tono taumaha, e toa ake ana i te PP i tētahi aratau. Kāore ngā ripoata tau e whakaatu ana ka taea e te HDPE te whakautu i te 1.5 neke atu i te PP, nō reira ko te kōwhiringa tino pai mō ngā tono e hiahiatia ana te kaha me te whiti.
| Rauemi | Ko te utu | Ora (Tau) | Te āhuatanga taiao |
|---|---|---|---|
| HDPE | Nui ake | 10+ | Whai hua, iti rawa ngā parurenga |
| PP | Tika tūtahi | 5-7 | Whai hua, waingohia |
Ahakoa ana painga, ko te PP pea he pai ake mā ngā wāhi e hiahiatia ai te utu whaihua me te iti ake i ngā here o te kaha. Hei tauira, ko ngā umanga e raweke ana i ngā kawenga māmā ki te waikawa ka tūhono ki te PP nā tana roa e mau ana me te iti ake i te utu. Whakamutunga, ko te whiriwhiri i waenganui i te HDPE me te PP ka tāwhaihia e ngā here motuhake o te kawenga me ngā whakaaro pūtea i ō kaimahi.
Ko te nekehanga o te matū e āwhina ana i te kaha o te kawenga me te tōtika o ngā pouaka hurihanga papaku. Ko ngā pito nekeke me ngā turanga e whakapakoko ana i te kaha o te pouaka kia eke atu ai i te raru, e muru ai te whakapungawhenu me te manawa tonu i te kaha ki raro i te taumaha. E ai ki ngā mōhio a ngā tohunga umanga, kei te nuinga o ngā whakakaha pērā i ngā arero me ngā tahataha hei whakauru i ngā kawenga nui kia pakari ake te pūmahara. Kātahi ka wehe tēnei āwhina hanga ki te taumaha, e muru ai i te mōrearea o te poporo rānei.
Ko ngā tuhinga rangahau e whakaatu ana ka mōhiotia ai mō ngā āhuatanga kawenga nui, he rahi rawa te taumaha o te pāpaku o te taraiwa e 5mm pea tana rahi me te whakakaha i ngā wāhi takotoranga motuhake hei whakapai ake i te mahi. Ko ngā tauira kei te whakaatu i te pehea e āki ai ngā hoahoa ki te whakamahi i ngā pou tarairanga me ngā arero ki te whakautu i ngā kawenga nui ake, na reira ka roa ake te ora o ngā pouaka. Mō ngā kamupene e hāngai ana ki te kawenga nui me te kawenga hōu, ko te whakauru ki te taraiwa whakakaha hoki me te rahi pai hoki ka āwhina i te hunga whakauru ki te whakapai ake i te oranga roa me te whirinakitanga o ngā ratonga whakaputu pāpaku.
Ko ngā turanga kaha he wāhi matua nui ki te whakawehe i te taumaha tōtika ki runga i te kōpae whakaputu pāpaku, ka aukati i te korekore engari ki raro i ngā taumaha nui. Mā te whakapau kia kotahi te wehe taumaha, he iti noa te tūpono o te whakapēhua, ka iti ake te hinga, nō reira ka nui ake ngā hoahoa ki ngā wāhi uaua pērā i ngā umanga motukā me te hanga. Anō hoki, ka iti ake ngā kairāwekanga i ngā wā e neke haere ana me te whakatakoto i ngā kōpae kia whakauru ngā pānga me te whakatū taumaha. Ko ngā tauira angitu e whakaatu mai ana i ngā taputapu e whai ana i ngā kaiwhakakaha tāwai pērā i ngā arero, he tōtika ki ngā tātai umanga, ka tūtohu i te haumaru me te whirinakitanga. Ko te whai i ngā tātai a ngā rōpū pērā i te ASTM, ISO ka whakapono i te hoahoa e taea e te haumaru me ngā here whakahaere. Mā te whakauru i ēnei āhuatanga hanga, ka taea e ngā kamupene te whakapai ake i te mahi me te tiaki i ā rātou hua.
Ko ngā kōpae whakaputua heke heka ngā painga motuhake i ngā wa kōpae pūmahara me te whirrawhira, e rite ana ki te wāhi e nui ana te here o te wāhi. Mā konei ka taea te kaha atu i te wāhi ina kāore i te whakamahi, e āki ai te whai painga nui mai i te penapena wāhi me te heke i ngā utu tuku. I te tatau, ko ngā kōpae kōpae hōu e toa ana me te whitiwhitinga, e pai ana mō ngā mahi taumaha, i ngā wā e hiahiatia ana te kaha ake o te taraiwa. Ina kōwhiri i waenganui i ēnei āhuatanga e rua, me whai mōhio te taraiwa motuhake. Ko ngā kōpae heke heka e tino raweke ana i roto i ngā umanga reta, i ngā wā e matua whirrawhira ana te whirrawhira, kei te tika ake ngā kōpae kaimana mō ngā whakamahinga umanga. Ko ngā kaiarahi umanga e whakamaori ana i te whai huatanga o ngā mahi i te kōwhiringa i te āhua tika, e āki ai te whakahaere aronga kauwhau.
Ko ngā whakaaetanga he mea matua nui hei whakapau kia pai ai te kounga, te haumaru hoki o ngā hua pereki. Ko ngā rōpū pēnei i te ISO (International Organization for Standardization) me te ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) e whakarite ana i ngā tātai mō ētahi āhuatanga pēnei i te kaha o te utu me te roa o te wā e mau ai. Kua whai hua nui ake ngā whakaaetanga nei ki te arataki here tikanga mō ngā umanga katoa, pēnei i te motukā, te whakawhitinga, me ngā rongoā. I mua i te hoko i ngā pereki paraihe, he mea nui kia āhua tāpirihia ngā whakaaetanga mai i ngā kaihoko kia tiakina ai kia ū ai ki ngā whakaritenga o te umanga ngā hua. Ko ētahi kaihoko mōhiotia, e mōhiotia ana mō te whakautu tonu ki ngā here tikanga whakaaetanga, ko [Example Supplier A] me [Example Supplier B], e mātau ana ki te hanga i ngā papamuri paraihe nekeneke me te whakaaetia kia rite ki ngā tātai whakaaetanga o te ao.
Ko te nuinga o ngā pouaka whakawhitinga paraihe e mōhiotia ana ka pā ki te herehere tūpuna, e hua ai te korekau i ngā taonga me ngā whara. Hei whakaiti i ēnei raru, he mea nui kia tūhono i te kaha rawa o ia pouaka. Ka taea e ngā whakamātau utu tōtika te aukati i te nuinga o ngā utu me ō raru. Ko ngā ripoata kei te mōhiotia ngā take i te kaha kāore i te tika e hua ai te nui o ngā ngaro, e toa ana te hiahia ki te tautohe tikangia ki ngā tikanga pai. Ko te whakatinana i ngā tapanga maamaa ki runga i ngā katoa o ngā pouaka paraihe me te whakatakoto i ngā tikanga ako whaimana he mea matua. E ena tikanga ka mōhio ngā kaimahi ki ngā tikanga haumaru mo te utu, ka iti ai te aronga o ngā take. Ko te whanake i te māramatanga roa ki te kaha o ia pouaka e whakapai ake ai i te kaha o ngā tikanga aronga.
Ko te whiwhi i te tukatuka taurite o te taumaha ki roto i ngā pouaka hurihia pāpaku he mea nui hei aukati i ngā kōraro me te pakaru. Ko ngā tikanga pēnei i te taraiwa taurite i te taumaha uta me te whakatakoto i ngā kaupapa ki te kaha e wātea ai he rerekētanga nui. Ko te whakamahi i ngā tikanga pai rawa o te ahumoni e āki ai te pūmahara o te pūmahara o ia pouaka pāpaku ina neke ana. Ka taea e ngā tohutohu whakaahua te marautanga, e whakapuaki ai i ngā whakamāramatanga māmā o ngā tikanga uta. Hei whakatairitea te whakangungu ake i ngā kaimahi mō ēnei tikanga pai, e whakarato ana i te urunga ki ngā rauemi me ngā aratohu here. Ka tautohe ngā wāhine whakangungu ki ngā kaupapa o te tukatuka taurite o te taumaha me te tuku i ngā tauira whakamahere hei whakakaha i ngā kaimahi, kia noho tino pai, haumaru hoki te tikanga uta puta noa i te tīmatanga o ngā ratonga.
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